Our Science

Our products utilize evidence-based approaches to pain relief.

The groundbreaking research that built Duotherm.

The mechanisms by which the technology restores function are discussed at a BrainMind presentation 2024 NYC.

Dr. Baxter’s Keynote on Pain Relief Mechanisms at Spaulding Rehab Hospital PM&R Research Day in April 2025

Casale R, Hansson P.

The analgesic effect of localized vibration: a systematic review. Part 1: the neurophysiological basis.

Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2022 Apr;58(2):306-315.

Qiang Li 1, Pan Liu 2,3, Zongbao Wang 2,3, Xin Li.

Vibration therapy to improve pain and function in patients with chronic low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Science: J Orthop Surg Res. 2023 Sep 26;18:727.

Baxter A, Thrasher A, Etnoyer-Slaski JL, Cohen L.

Multimodal mechanical stimulation reduces acute and chronic low back pain: Pilot data from a HEAL phase 1 study.

Front. Pain Res., 2023 Apr 25;Vol 4, 2673-561X.

Baxter A, Etnoyer-Slaski JL, Williams Jessica Allia Rice, Swartout K, Cohen Lindsey L, Lawson ML

Preventing opioid prescribing for low back pain using multimodal mechanical stimulation vs. TENS: a randomized-controlled trial

Front. Pain Res., 2025 July 9;Vol 6, 2673-561X

Baxter A, Etnoyer-Slaski JL, Tucker O, Williams Jessica Allia Rice, Swartout K, Cohen Lindsey L, Lawson ML

Novel multimodal mechanical stimulation is superior to TENS to treat and prevent chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial

Front. Pain Res., 2025 Aug 17;Vol 6, 2673-561X